Boilers play a crucial role in providing efficient heating for both residential and industrial properties. Understanding the different types of boilers available can help optimize heating efficiency and ensure the right choice for your specific needs. In this article, I will explore the various types of boilers and highlight their advantages and considerations.
Key Takeaways:
- There are different types of boilers designed for specific heating requirements.
- Combi boilers integrate central heating and water heating into a compact unit.
- System boilers provide a quick hot water supply and compatibility with renewable energy sources.
- Conventional boilers are commonly found in older homes and require separate tanks.
- Factors to consider when choosing a boiler include size, fuel type, efficiency ratings, and maintenance requirements.
Combi Boilers: Combining Efficiency and Convenience
When it comes to residential boilers, combi boilers are a popular choice due to their compact size and versatility. Combi, short for combination, boilers integrate the functions of a central heating boiler and a water heater into a single unit, providing both heating and hot water on demand.
One of the standout features of combi boilers is their compact size. Unlike traditional boilers that require separate water storage tanks, combi boilers eliminate the need for additional space, making them ideal for homes with limited room for installation.
Combi boilers offer the convenience of unlimited hot water. Since they heat water on demand, there is no need to wait for a storage tank to fill up with hot water. Whether you need to take a shower, wash dishes, or do laundry, combi boilers provide a continuous supply of hot water.
Energy efficiency is another key advantage of combi boilers. By heating water only when necessary, they minimize energy wastage. This can lead to significant savings on energy bills compared to boilers with separate hot water storage tanks.
The installation versatility of combi boilers is another reason why they are favored by homeowners. With no need for additional storage tanks, combi boilers are easier to install and require less space. They are suitable for a wide range of properties, including apartments, small houses, and cottages.
It is important to note that combi boilers may face limitations when it comes to low water pressure. While they provide hot water on demand, the flow rate may be affected by low water pressure, impacting the performance of multiple hot water outlets simultaneously.
To summarize, combi boilers offer a combination of efficiency and convenience. Their compact size, unlimited hot water supply, energy efficiency, and installation versatility make them a popular choice for residential heating. However, it is important to consider potential limitations with low water pressure and multiple hot water outlets when choosing a combi boiler for your property.
System Boilers: Efficient Heating with Added Convenience
System boilers are an excellent choice for residential heating, offering both efficiency and convenience. These boilers heat water and store it in a dedicated hot water cylinder, ensuring a quick and reliable hot water supply to taps and showers throughout your home.
One of the key advantages of system boilers is their compact design. Unlike traditional boilers, they eliminate the need for separate cold water tanks, saving valuable space on your property. This makes system boilers an ideal choice for homes with limited storage space.
System boilers provide homeowners with hot water on demand, ensuring a constant supply without the need for water tanks. This feature makes them particularly convenient for households with multiple bathrooms or high hot water demand.
In addition to their compact design, system boilers are known for their energy efficiency. These boilers are designed to be highly efficient, ensuring optimal heating performance while minimizing energy consumption. This not only helps reduce your carbon footprint but can also result in energy savings and lower utility bills.
Moreover, system boilers are compatible with renewable energy sources, allowing you to integrate sustainable solutions into your home heating system. Whether you have solar panels or a heat pump, system boilers can work in harmony with these eco-friendly technologies to further reduce your environmental impact.
It’s important to note that while system boilers offer many benefits, there are a few considerations to keep in mind. The installation costs of system boilers may be higher compared to other boiler types due to the presence of a hot water cylinder. However, the long-term energy savings they provide can offset these initial costs.
Additionally, the hot water cylinder requires adequate storage space, so it’s essential to ensure your property can accommodate it. However, with their space-saving design, system boilers are still a viable option for homes with limited storage space.
In summary, system boilers offer efficient heating with added convenience. Their compact design, quick hot water supply, and compatibility with renewable energy sources make them an attractive option for homeowners. While installation costs and the need for storage space should be considered, the long-term energy savings and environmental benefits make system boilers a worthwhile investment.
Conventional Boilers: Traditional Heating for Older Homes
Conventional boilers, also known as regular or traditional boilers, are a common heating solution in older homes. They offer a traditional method of heating water in a storage tank, providing hot water for various household needs.
One of the advantages of conventional boilers is their compatibility with existing heating systems. They can seamlessly integrate with your current setup, making them a convenient choice for replacement or upgrade purposes. This compatibility ensures a smooth transition without the need for extensive modifications.
Conventional boilers are capable of supplying hot water to multiple outlets simultaneously, making them suitable for homes with larger hot water demands. Whether it’s for showers, faucets, or appliances, these boilers can meet your household’s hot water needs with ease.
However, it’s important to note that conventional boilers may have some drawbacks. They tend to be less energy-efficient compared to modern boiler types, which could result in higher energy consumption and increased utility bills. Additionally, conventional boilers require separate tanks for water storage, which can impose space limitations in smaller homes or properties with limited room for installation.
Maintenance requirements are another consideration with conventional boilers. Regular inspections and servicing are necessary to ensure optimal performance and longevity. This includes checking for leaks, addressing any issues with the storage tank, and maintaining the boiler’s components.
To summarize, conventional boilers provide reliable traditional heating for older homes. They offer compatibility with existing heating systems, ease of integration, and the capability to supply hot water to multiple outlets. However, energy efficiency, space limitations, and maintenance requirements should be taken into account when considering this type of boiler.
Factors to Consider When Choosing a Boiler
Choosing the right boiler for your home or industrial property is a crucial decision that requires careful consideration of several factors. By evaluating key aspects such as boiler size and capacity, fuel type, efficiency ratings, reliability, and durability, you can ensure optimal heating performance and energy efficiency.
Boiler Size and Capacity
One of the primary considerations when selecting a boiler is determining the appropriate size and capacity. This is determined by calculating the heat load of your property, which takes into account factors such as square footage, insulation, and climate conditions. A boiler that is too small may struggle to meet your heating demands, while an oversized boiler can result in unnecessary energy consumption.
Fuel Type
The choice of fuel type for your boiler will depend on availability, cost, and environmental considerations. Common fuel options include natural gas, oil, propane, and electricity. Each fuel type has its own advantages and considerations, such as cost-effectiveness, emissions, and efficiency. Consider the long-term availability and costs of the fuel options in your area.
Efficiency Ratings
Boiler efficiency ratings indicate how effectively the unit converts fuel into usable heat. Higher efficiency ratings mean less wasted energy and lower fuel costs. Look for boilers with high Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) ratings, as they offer excellent energy savings and reduce carbon footprint.
Reliability and Durability
Investing in a reliable and durable boiler is essential for long-term performance and peace of mind. Research reputable brands are known for their quality and reliability. Consider factors such as warranty coverage, maintenance requirements, and user reviews to gauge the durability of the boiler.
Performance Considerations
Consider specific performance requirements when choosing a boiler. Factors such as the number of heating zones, hot water demand, and the need for simultaneous hot water delivery to multiple outlets should be assessed. Some boilers may offer advanced features such as modulating heat output and smart controls for enhanced performance and energy savings.
Costs
It is crucial to evaluate both upfront costs and long-term operational costs when selecting a boiler. While a high-efficiency boiler may have a higher initial investment, it can result in significant energy savings over time. Consider the total cost of ownership, including installation, maintenance, and fuel consumption, to make an informed decision.
Boiler Comparison
| Boiler Type | Boiler Size Options | Fuel Types | Efficiency Ratings | Reliability and Durability | Performance Considerations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combi Boilers | Compact | Gas, Electric | High | Durable | May have limitations on simultaneous hot water delivery |
| System Boilers | Compact to Medium | Gas, Oil | High | Durable | Requires storage space for hot water cylinder |
| Conventional Boilers | Medium to Large | Gas, Oil | Standard to High | May require more maintenance | Compatible with existing heating systems |
Consider all these factors when choosing a boiler to ensure optimal heating performance, energy efficiency, and long-term cost savings for your property.
Upgrading to High-Efficiency Boilers for Energy Savings
Upgrading to high-efficiency boilers can have a significant impact on energy savings and fuel consumption in your home or industrial property. By investing in a high-efficiency boiler, you can maximize your heating system’s performance while reducing your environmental footprint.
One crucial factor to consider when upgrading your boiler is the Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency (AFUE) rating. The AFUE rating indicates the boiler’s efficiency by measuring the percentage of fuel it converts into usable heat. The higher the AFUE rating, the more efficient the boiler is, resulting in greater energy savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions.
Another benefit of upgrading to high-efficiency boilers is the potential for savings on home heating costs. High-efficiency boilers can significantly reduce your fossil fuel energy consumption, resulting in lower utility bills. The cost savings can be substantial, especially in the long term.
For those who already have existing boilers, retrofits offer an alternative option to improve efficiency. Retrofits involve upgrading specific components or adding new technology to enhance the performance of your current boiler. It’s important to assess the cost-effectiveness of retrofits against the anticipated energy savings they can provide.
Replacing an old, inefficient boiler with a modern high-efficiency model is a wise investment. Not only will you experience significant energy savings, but you’ll also contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions and promoting sustainability.
It’s worth noting that high-efficiency boilers may have maintenance requirements that differ from conventional boilers due to their advanced technology. Regular maintenance is essential to ensure optimal performance and extend the lifespan of your high-efficiency boiler.
By upgrading to high-efficiency boilers, you take a proactive step towards reducing your carbon footprint and lowering your energy costs. Whether you’re retrofitting existing boilers or installing new high-efficiency models, the long-term benefits make it a worthwhile investment for a sustainable future.
Maintaining and Retrofitting Your Boiler for Optimal Performance
Regular maintenance of boilers is essential to ensure their optimal performance and safety. By implementing proper maintenance practices and considering retrofitting options, you can improve the efficiency of your boiler system and enhance its longevity.
Maintaining Boilers for Optimal Performance
Boilers require regular maintenance to function efficiently and prevent potential issues. Here are some key maintenance tasks that should be included in your boiler maintenance routine:
- Regularly clean and inspect the boiler’s heat exchanger, burners, and combustion chamber to remove any debris or buildup that can hinder performance.
- Check the boiler’s water levels and pressure regularly to ensure they are within the recommended range.
- Monitor the boiler’s pilot light to ensure it is consistently lit and burning blue. A flickering or yellow flame may indicate a combustion problem.
- Conduct a combustion-efficiency test to determine the boiler’s efficiency and identify any potential issues.
- Inspect and clean the boiler’s vents and flues to ensure proper ventilation and prevent blockages.
By regularly maintaining your boiler, you can optimize its performance, improve energy efficiency, and prolong its lifespan.
Retrofitting Options for Improved Efficiency
Retrofitting your boiler system with energy-efficient upgrades can further enhance its performance and reduce energy consumption. Consider the following retrofitting options:
- Install programmable thermostats to have better control over temperature settings and optimize energy usage.
- Upgrade ductwork to improve airflow and distribution of heated air throughout your space.
- Implement zone control systems to customize heating in different areas of your property, allowing for increased comfort and energy savings.
By retrofitting your boiler system, you can maximize energy efficiency, enhance comfort, and potentially reduce operating costs.
Safety Considerations and Proper Ventilation
When performing maintenance or retrofitting activities on your boiler system, safety should always be a top priority. Here are some safety considerations to keep in mind:
- Ensure proper ventilation to remove combustion byproducts and prevent the buildup of harmful gases.
- Regularly inspect and maintain the boiler’s safety controls, such as pressure relief valves and temperature sensors, to ensure they are functioning correctly.
- Follow manufacturer recommendations and industry standards when performing maintenance or retrofitting activities.
By prioritizing safety and proper ventilation, you can minimize the risk of accidents and ensure the safe operation of your boiler system.
Cost-Effectiveness and Equipment Features
When considering maintenance and retrofitting options for your boiler system, it’s essential to evaluate their cost-effectiveness and potential benefits. Retrofitting can require an upfront investment, but it can lead to long-term savings by improving energy efficiency and reducing operating costs.
Additionally, it’s important to consider equipment features that can enhance the efficiency and convenience of your boiler system. Features such as smart controls, advanced monitoring capabilities, and improved insulation can contribute to better performance and energy savings.
| Retrofitting Option | Benefits |
|---|---|
| Programmable Thermostats | Allows for better temperature control and energy optimization. |
| Ductwork Upgrades | Improves airflow and distribution of heated air, enhancing comfort. |
| Zone Control Systems | Customizes heating settings in different areas, increasing comfort and energy savings. |
By considering the cost-effectiveness of retrofitting options and selecting equipment features that align with your needs and goals, you can maximize the performance and efficiency of your boiler system.
In conclusion, regular maintenance and retrofitting options play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal performance, energy efficiency, and safety of your boiler system. By implementing proper maintenance practices, considering retrofitting options, and prioritizing safety, you can enhance your boiler’s efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and enjoy cost savings in the long run.
Chimney Considerations for Boiler Systems
Proper chimney design and maintenance play a crucial role in ensuring efficient ventilation and safe operation of boiler systems. Chimneys act as a pathway for the exhaust gases produced during combustion to exit the building, while also providing the necessary air supply for the combustion process. Here are some important chimney considerations to keep in mind:
Maintaining Proper Ventilation
Proper ventilation is essential for the efficient functioning of a boiler system. It ensures that combustion air is readily available to support the burning of fuel and that exhaust gases are effectively removed. Without adequate ventilation, the boiler may experience issues such as incomplete combustion, reduced efficiency, and the production of harmful byproducts.
Regular inspections should be conducted to ensure the chimney is clear of obstructions that may inhibit proper airflow. Blockages can occur due to debris, bird nests, or damage to the chimney structure. Regular cleaning and maintenance can help prevent blockages and ensure proper ventilation.
Monitoring Combustion Byproducts
During the combustion process, various byproducts are generated, including carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur dioxide. These byproducts must be safely vented out of the building to prevent health hazards and damage to the environment.
Regular monitoring of combustion byproducts is essential to ensure that the boiler system is operating within safe limits. This can be done through regular inspections and the use of carbon monoxide detectors. Any abnormal levels of combustion byproducts should be immediately addressed to prevent potential health risks.
Maintaining Chimney Integrity
Chimney integrity is vital for the safe operation of a boiler system. It protects against leaks, corrosion, and structural damage that may compromise the efficiency and safety of the system.
Systems that produce acidic exhaust gases, such as those fueled by oil or certain types of gas, are particularly prone to damaging chimney structures. Regular inspections and maintenance are essential to identify and address any signs of corrosion or deterioration. Proper cleaning and repairs should be carried out to maintain the integrity of the chimney.
Sealed Combustion Systems
Sealed combustion systems, also known as direct vent or balanced flue systems, offer an alternative to traditional chimney venting. These systems draw combustion air from outside the building and vent exhaust gases directly to the outside, eliminating the need for a chimney.
Sealed combustion systems minimize heat loss and reduce the risk of introducing dangerous gases into the home. They provide a sealed pathway for combustion, enhancing efficiency and safety. However, proper installation and maintenance are still necessary to ensure their optimal performance.
| Chimney Considerations | Importance |
|---|---|
| Proper Ventilation | Ensures efficient combustion and prevents harmful byproduct buildup. |
| Monitoring Combustion Byproducts | Prevents health hazards and ensures compliance with environmental regulations. |
| Maintaining Chimney Integrity | Ensures safe operation and prevents leaks or structural damage. |
| Sealed Combustion Systems | Minimizes heat loss and eliminates the need for a traditional chimney. |
Proper chimney considerations, including ventilation, monitoring combustion byproducts, maintaining chimney integrity, and exploring sealed combustion systems, are crucial for the safe and efficient operation of boiler systems. Regular inspections, cleaning, and maintenance will help optimize performance and ensure the longevity of your chimney and boiler system.
Boilers vs. Furnaces: A Comparison of Heating Systems
When it comes to heating systems, boilers and furnaces are two common options that homeowners often consider. Both serve the purpose of keeping our homes warm and cozy during the cold months. However, there are significant differences between the two in terms of heat distribution, comfort, efficiency, maintenance, and fuel options. Understanding these distinctions can help you make an informed decision about which system is best suited for your needs.
Comfort and Efficiency
When it comes to providing consistent and efficient heat, boilers have the upper hand. Boilers heat water or generate steam, which is then distributed throughout the house via radiators or underfloor heating systems. The heat emanates evenly, resulting in a comfortable living environment. Furnaces, on the other hand, rely on forced air to distribute heat through ductwork. While this method can effectively warm up the space, it may create uneven temperature zones and drafts, reducing comfort levels.
Ductwork Requirements
One significant advantage of boilers is that they do not require ductwork. This means that you won’t have to deal with the hassle of duct cleaning, which can accumulate dust and allergens over time. Additionally, without ducts, boilers operate quietly, without the noise associated with forced air systems. In contrast, furnaces heavily rely on ductwork to distribute heat, which may require regular maintenance and cleaning.
Heat Distribution
As mentioned earlier, boilers distribute heat through radiators or underfloor heating systems. This method allows for better control over individual room temperatures and eliminates the need for vents in each room. Furnaces, however, use vents to distribute heated air. While this system can work efficiently in smaller spaces, it may struggle to maintain consistent temperatures throughout larger homes.
Maintenance
Boilers generally require less maintenance compared to furnaces. They have fewer components that can wear out or break, reducing the likelihood of costly repairs. Additionally, boilers do not generate as much dust or allergens as furnaces, making them a preferable choice for individuals with respiratory conditions.
Heating Fuel Options
Boilers offer a wide range of heating fuel options, including natural gas, propane, oil, and even renewable energy sources such as biomass. This versatility allows homeowners to choose the fuel type that is most cost-effective and readily available in their area. Furnaces, on the other hand, primarily rely on natural gas or electricity as their fuel source, limiting the options available.
| Aspect | Boilers | Furnaces |
|---|---|---|
| Comfort | Consistent heat distribution | Possible uneven temperature zones |
| Efficiency | More efficient | Less efficient |
| Ductwork Requirements | Not required | Required |
| Maintenance | Less maintenance | More maintenance |
| Heat Distribution | Even heat distribution | Possible temperature inconsistencies |
| Heating Fuel Options | Multiple options | Limited options |
Ultimately, the choice between boilers and furnaces depends on your specific needs and preferences. If you prioritize comfort, energy efficiency, and low maintenance, a boiler may be the ideal solution. On the other hand, if ductwork is already in place and you prefer the convenience of traditional forced air systems, a furnace might be the better choice. Consider all factors, including heat distribution, maintenance requirements, and fuel options, to make an informed decision that suits your home and lifestyle.
Heat Pumps and Boilers: Dual Heating Solutions
When it comes to heating and cooling options, both heat pumps and boilers provide efficient solutions for maintaining optimal indoor temperatures. Heat pumps use refrigeration and electricity to offer both heating and cooling capabilities, while boilers focus primarily on providing warmth. In this section, I will explore the key differences and considerations between these two dual heating solutions.
The Energy Efficiency Factor
One of the crucial aspects to consider when evaluating heat pumps and boilers is their energy efficiency. Heat pumps, with their ability to transfer heat from one location to another, tend to be highly energy-efficient, especially when compared to traditional heating systems. On the other hand, electric boilers can also provide excellent energy efficiency; however, their electricity usage can result in higher utility costs.
Heat Distribution and Comfort
Another significant aspect to consider is how effectively heat is distributed throughout your home or building. Heat pumps distribute both heating and cooling, providing comfort year-round. They use ductwork or operate through a ductless system to evenly distribute conditioned air. Boilers, on the other hand, primarily focus on heating and may rely on radiators, baseboard heaters, or underfloor heating systems to disperse warmth. This targeted heat distribution can provide a cozy and comfortable environment for occupants.
Refrigerant and Environmental Impact
A key element in heat pumps is the use of refrigerants, which are responsible for the transfer of heat. It’s essential to choose systems that use environmentally friendly refrigerants, as some older refrigerants contribute to global warming. The newer generation of heat pumps often employs more eco-friendly refrigerants that have a significantly lower impact on the environment. Boilers, on the other hand, do not rely on refrigerants and therefore don’t have this particular environmental consideration.
The Complete Picture
When deciding between heat pumps and boilers, it’s important to evaluate your specific heating and cooling needs, energy efficiency requirements, and overall comfort expectations. Consider the climate in your area, the availability of fuel sources, and your budgetary constraints. By assessing these factors, you can make an informed decision that aligns with your heating and cooling goals.
| Factors | Heat Pumps | Boilers |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Efficiency | High energy efficiency due to heat transfer | Can provide excellent energy efficiency with electric boilers |
| Heat Distribution | Distributes both heating and cooling | Primarily focused on heating with various methods of heat distribution |
| Refrigerant Use | Uses refrigerants for heat transfer | Does not rely on refrigerants |
As the table shows, heat pumps and boilers have distinct characteristics that cater to different heating and cooling needs. Analyze your requirements carefully, and consult with professionals to determine the best fit for your specific situation.
Conclusion
In conclusion, understanding the different types of boilers is crucial for efficient heating and choosing the right one for your needs. Combi boilers, system boilers, and conventional boilers each have their own advantages and considerations. When deciding on a boiler, factors such as size, fuel type, efficiency ratings, and maintenance requirements should be carefully evaluated.
Upgrading to high-efficiency boilers can lead to energy savings and reduced carbon dioxide emissions, while regular maintenance and retrofitting can further enhance performance. Chimney considerations, comparisons with furnaces, and the dual heating solutions offered by heat pumps and boilers should also be taken into account. By considering all these factors, you can select the right boiler to optimize heating efficiency in your home or industrial property.
For efficient heating and reliable performance, it is important to choose a boiler that suits your specific needs and requirements. Whether you opt for a combi boiler, system boiler, or conventional boiler, evaluating factors such as size, efficiency, fuel type, and maintenance can help you make an informed decision. Additionally, considering the benefits of high-efficiency boilers, proper maintenance, and retrofitting options can lead to substantial energy savings and a reduced environmental footprint. By carefully evaluating these factors and exploring the various types of boilers available, you can ensure efficient heating and optimal comfort in your space.
FAQ
What is a combi boiler?
A combi boiler is a type of boiler that combines the functions of a central heating boiler and a water heater in a single compact unit. It provides hot water on demand and eliminates the need for separate water storage tanks.
What are the advantages of a combi boiler?
Combi boilers are known for their energy efficiency, installation versatility, and compact size. They provide unlimited hot water, are suitable for low water pressure systems, and eliminate the need for multiple hot water outlets.
What is a system boiler?
A system boiler is a type of boiler that heats water and stores it in a hot water cylinder, providing hot water to taps and showers. It has a compact design and eliminates the need for separate cold water tanks.
What are the advantages of a system boiler?
System boilers provide a quick and efficient hot water supply, are energy-efficient, and are compatible with renewable energy sources. They also offer convenience and eliminate the need for separate hot and cold water tanks.
What is a conventional boiler?
A conventional boiler is a type of boiler commonly found in older homes. It works by heating water in a storage tank and can easily integrate with existing heating systems. Conventional boilers provide hot water to multiple outlets simultaneously.
What should I consider when choosing a boiler?
When choosing a boiler, factors such as boiler size and capacity, fuel type, efficiency ratings, reliability, and durability should be considered. Calculating the heat load of your property is crucial, as well as evaluating the cost and availability of different fuel types.
How can I upgrade to a high-efficiency boiler?
Upgrading to high-efficiency boilers can result in significant energy savings and reduced fuel consumption. The annual fuel utilization efficiency (AFUE) rating is an important measure of a boiler’s efficiency. Retrofitting options and replacing an old, inefficient boiler with a modern high-efficiency model can lead to substantial energy savings and lower carbon dioxide emissions.
How can I maintain and retrofit my boiler?
Regular maintenance of boilers is essential for optimal performance and safety. Retrofitting options such as programmable thermostats, ductwork upgrades, and zone control can improve energy efficiency. Proper ventilation and combustion-efficiency tests should be conducted to ensure safe and efficient operation.
What should I consider regarding chimney design for boiler systems?
Proper chimney design and maintenance are crucial for efficient ventilation and safe operation of boiler systems. Monitoring chimney blockage and the presence of combustion byproducts is important. Sealed combustion systems can minimize heat loss and eliminate the risk of introducing dangerous gases into the home.
What is the difference between boilers and furnaces?
Boilers provide more consistent and efficient heat compared to furnaces. Boilers do not require ductwork, resulting in quieter operation and less maintenance. Furnaces distribute heated air through ducts, which can be less efficient.
How do heat pumps compare to boilers?
Heat pumps and boilers are dual heating solutions. Heat pumps use refrigeration and electricity to provide heating and cooling. Electric boilers can be highly energy-efficient but may have higher electricity costs. Considerations such as energy efficiency, heat distribution, and overall comfort should be evaluated when choosing between heat pumps and boilers.